Gas pressure regulator

ABSTRACT

A gas pressure regulator ( 10 ) is disclosed, comprising a body ( 12 ) fitted with a gas inlet stem ( 14 ), at a first end of the body ( 10 ), for receiving gas from a gas source at a first pressure, and a gas outlet stem or adaptor ( 16 ) at a second end of the body ( 10 ), for supplying gas at a desired pressure at the gas outlet stem ( 16 ). A pressure adjusting mechanism ( 18 ) is provided to enable a user to adjust and set the desired pressure, the pressure adjusting mechanism ( 18 ) comprising a movable piston arrangement ( 20 ). The gas pressure regulator ( 10 ) further comprises gas regulating means ( 22 ), to regulate gas flowing out of the gas outlet stem ( 16 ) to achieve the desired pressure set by the user. The gas regulating means ( 22 ) is securely fitted within the body ( 12 ) so as to be located within a gas flow path between the gas inlet stem ( 14 ) and the gas outlet stem ( 16 ), the gas regulating means ( 22 ) comprising an encapsulated valve ( 24 ) with a lever ( 26 ) that can be actuated by the movable piston arrangement ( 20 ) of the pressure adjusting mechanism ( 18 ).

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a 35 U.S.C. § 371 national phase application of PCT Application PCT/IB2014/063216, filed Jul. 18, 2014 which claims the benefit of South Africa Provisional Patent Application No. 2013/05482, filed Jul. 19, 2013, the entire contents of each of which is incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to pressure regulators, and more particularly to gas pressure regulators for providing a substantially continuous supply of gas at a substantially constant selected pressure to a gas outlet upon receiving pressurised gas from a gas source via a gas inlet.

BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION

Gas pressure regulators are well known, and typically aim to down regulate high pressure gas received from a gas source, such as a loose standing gas cylinder, to a low pressure selected working gas pressure. Regulators typically comprise a gas inlet stem to receive the gas from the source, a regulating means to down regulate the inlet pressure to the desired pressure, and a gas outlet stem to dispense the down regulated gas at the selected desired pressure.

The down regulating means typically comprises a combination of a selecting means for selecting and setting the threshold pressure, and a restricting means for preventing gas exceeding the desired pressure from passing through the regulator from the gas inlet stem to the gas outlet stem. The selecting means and the restricting means typically act in concert in order to achieve the desired gas regulation. Typically, the selecting means includes an adjustable screw received through a housing of the gas regulator which in use actuates against a diaphragm located in an inside chamber of the housing allowing a user to adjust the volume of the chamber. Gas entry from the gas inlet stem into the chamber is controlled via the restricting means, typically a poppet valve. In use, gas enters the inlet stem and enters the chamber via the poppet valve. Should the gas exceed the predetermined threshold the pressure of the gas will close the poppet valve, thus preventing further gas from entering the chamber. The gas inside the chamber can exit through the outlet stem and/or purge valves. As the pressure exerted by the gas inside the chamber drops, the poppet valve opens allowing more gas into the chamber.

Gas regulators can be classified into single-stage and multi-stage regulators. Single stage regulators have a single chamber where regulation of gas pressure takes place, in contrast to multi-stage regulators, which have two or more chambers where regulation of gas pressure takes place.

There are several problems associated with known gas pressure regulators. The diaphragm used in conventional gas regulators is highly specialized, both in regard to its design and material composition. Further, needle gauges used to measure the pressure at the gas inlet and/or the gas outlet stems protrude from the regulator, making handling uneasy, therein increasing the risk of unsafe handling practices. Further safety features, such as purge valve mechanisms, are often omitted from the designs. In addition, when a loose standing gas cylinder accidentally topples over, the gas inlet stem can break loose from the gas cylinder, causing a potentially hazardous leak of high pressure gas.

There is thus a need to develop a safe, ergonomic and efficient gas regulator that at least partially ameliorates some of the abovementioned problems.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to a first aspect of the invention there is provided a gas pressure regulator comprising:

a body fitted with a gas inlet stem at a first end of the body, for receiving gas from a gas source at a first pressure, and a gas outlet stem or adaptor at a second end of the body, for supplying gas at a desired pressure at the gas outlet stem;

a pressure adjusting mechanism to enable a user to adjust and set the desired pressure, the pressure adjusting mechanism comprising a movable piston arrangement; and

gas regulating means to regulate gas flowing out of the gas outlet stem to achieve the desired pressure set by the user, the gas regulating means being securely fitted within the body so as to be located within a gas flow path between the gas inlet stem and the gas outlet stem, the gas regulating means comprising an encapsulated valve with a lever that can be actuated by the movable piston arrangement of the pressure adjusting mechanism.

In an embodiment, the body includes:

a first body component to which the gas inlet stem is fitted, the first body component defining an inlet chamber for receiving and accommodating gas from the gas source via the gas inlet stem; and

a second body component to which the gas outlet stem is fitted, the second body component defining an outlet chamber for delivering gas to the gas outlet stem,

the first and second body components being securingly fitted together so as to sealingly secure the encapsulated valve between the first and second body components, the encapsulated valve thus defining an interface between the inlet and outlet chambers.

In an embodiment, gas pressure gauges are fitted to the first and second body components, and are arranged to measure and visibly display the gas pressure within each of the inlet and outlet chambers, respectively, so as to provide a measure of the gas pressure at the gas inlet and outlet stems, which measure can be visually inspected.

In an embodiment, the encapsulated valve of the gas regulating means comprises:

a valve body having an inlet side and an outlet side, the lever being pivotally fitted at the outlet side with a pivot pin, the lever having an actuating cam proximate the pivot pin;

a capsule valve pin for abutting against the actuating cam of the lever, the valve pin further including a seat to sealingly engage a flow aperture defined in an inner wall within the valve body, the valve pin being movable between a default, closed position in which the lever is not being actuated by the movable piston arrangement of the pressure adjusting mechanism and in which the seat seals against the flow aperture so as to prevent the flow of gas through the flow aperture, and an actuated, open position in which the lever is moved by the movable piston arrangement of the pressure adjusting mechanism, with the actuating cam moving the valve pin so that the seat moves away from the flow aperture so as to allow the flow of gas through the flow aperture; and

biasing means to bias the valve pin towards the default, closed position.

In an embodiment, a filter body is fitted to the inlet side of the valve body, for filtering the gas flowing through the valve body.

In an embodiment, the pressure adjusting mechanism comprises:

a venting sleeve extending from a venting outlet defined in the second body component, the venting sleeve being in gas communication with the outlet chamber of the second body component, the venting sleeve defining at least one venting aperture to enable gas to vent if/when required;

the piston arrangement incorporating a safety valve assembly, the piston arrangement being housed partially within the venting sleeve and partially within the venting outlet defined in the second body component, the piston arrangement comprising a guide flange being secured between the venting sleeve and the second body component, with the piston arrangement being slidably movable relative to the guide flange between the open and closed positions; and

a pressure adjusting assembly that can be manually operated by a user to adjust and set the desired pressure, the pressure adjusting assembly comprising a rotatable knob to actuate a movable spindle, which in turn actuates a biasing means within the venting sleeve, which in turn actuates the piston arrangement.

In an embodiment, the piston arrangement of the safety valve assembly comprises:

a first piston body including a safety valve head, the safety valve head defining at least one vent outlet, the first piston body including an internal cavity to accommodate biasing means, the internal cavity being in gas communication with the vent outlet to enable gas to escape from the first piston body; and

a second piston body extending from the first piston body, the second piston body being sealingly movable within the venting outlet defined in the second body component to actuate the lever of the encapsulated valve, the second piston body defining a vent inlet and an adjacent internal cavity that is in gas communication with the cavity of the first piston body,

wherein the piston arrangement, and the first piston body in particular, is slidably movable relative to the guide flange between the open and closed positions.

In an embodiment, the second piston body includes the safety valve assembly, the safety valve assembly comprising a valve seat and associated seat holder located within the internal cavity, with the biasing means acting upon the seat holder and thus the valve seat to close the vent inlet thereby preventing gas from entering the piston arrangement. However, under sufficiently high pressures within the outlet chamber, the valve seat is displaceable away from the vent inlet to allow gas to flow through the vent inlet, through the internal cavities, and through the vent outlet so as to safely escape out of the gas pressure regulator.

In an embodiment, the pressure adjusting assembly comprises a body to threadably accommodate a driving member, the rotatable knob being fitted to the driving member so as to threadably rotate and move the driving member through the body, the driving member having a central enlarged portion that is threaded to match the threading of the body and a terminal narrowed portion that is threaded to enable it to be threadably accommodated within the movable spindle, the movable spindle comprising a sleeve to define an internal thread to match the threading provided on the terminal narrowed portion of the driving member, the central enlarged portion defining an internal circular recess to accommodate the movable spindle as the spindle threadably rotates relative to the driving member.

In an embodiment, the movable spindle defines a pair of elongate recesses on the outside surface of the spindle, with a pair of guide pins being fitted within the body to slidingly accommodate and guide the spindle as it moves relative to the body.

In an embodiment, the inlet stem comprises a first inlet stem member fitted to the body, and in particular to the first body component, and a second inlet stem member, which can be secured to the gas source, with a frangible zone of weakness being defined between the first and second inlet stem members.

In an embodiment, the second inlet stem member comprises a sleeve including:

a frusto-conical filter which is secured in position with a retainer, the filter being positioned at a first end of the second inlet stem member, proximate the gas source;

a valve spigot extending through an aperture defined at a second end of the second inlet stem member proximate the first inlet stem member, the valve spigot including a seat to seat against the aperture so as to prevent the flow of gas therethrough; and

biasing means to bias the valve spigot into a closed position in which gas is prevented from flowing through the aperture.

In an embodiment, the first inlet stem member, is fitted with a retainer against which the end of the valve spigot presses, so that when the inlet stem is intact, the retainer pushes the valve spigot away from the aperture, thereby allowing gas flow therethrough, but when the inlet stem severs proximate the frangible zone of weakness, the biasing means pushes the valve spigot so as to close the aperture, thereby preventing the flow of gas from the gas source.

In an embodiment, the gas pressure regulator is fitted with protective cladding to house the body. The cladding may comprise a pair of housing halves that can be secured together with tamper proof screws.

In an embodiment, one of the cladding halves comprises a pair of visual inspection windows to enable a user to read the information on the pressure gauges, the inspection windows being substantially flush with the cladding.

In an embodiment, the cladding defines a plurality of venting apertures to enable gas leaving the venting sleeve, especially after the operation of the safety valve assembly, to escape to atmosphere.

According to a second aspect of the invention there is provided a pressure adjusting mechanism for a gas pressure regulator, to enable a user to adjust and set the desired pressure, the pressure adjusting mechanism comprising:

a movable piston arrangement that can actuate a lever of a valve within the gas pressure regulator; and

a pressure adjusting assembly that can be manually operated by a user to adjust and set the desired pressure, the pressure adjusting assembly comprising a rotatable knob to actuate a movable spindle, which in turn actuates first biasing means for actuating the piston arrangement.

In an embodiment, the pressure adjusting mechanism comprises a venting sleeve that defines at least one venting aperture to enable gas to vent if/when required, the venting sleeve at least partially housing the piston arrangement.

In an embodiment, the piston arrangement comprises:

a first piston body including a safety valve head, the safety valve head defining at least one vent outlet, the first piston body including an internal cavity to accommodate second biasing means, the internal cavity being in gas communication with the vent outlet to enable gas to escape from the first piston body; and

a second piston body extending from the first piston body, the first and second piston bodies being movable to actuate the lever of the encapsulated valve, the second piston body defining a vent inlet and an adjacent internal cavity that is in gas communication with the cavity of the first piston body.

In an embodiment, the second piston body includes a safety valve assembly, the safety valve assembly comprising a valve seat and associated seat holder located within the internal cavity, with the second biasing means acting upon the seat holder and thus the valve seat to close the vent inlet thereby preventing gas from entering the piston arrangement.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In order that the invention may be better understood, embodiments of the invention will be described below by way of example only and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 shows an exploded perspective view of a gas pressure regulator in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 2 shows the gas pressure regulator in FIG. 1 in an assembled form;

FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional side view of the gas pressure regulator in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4A shows a side view of the internal structure of the gas pressure regulator, with no cladding fitted;

FIG. 4B shows an end view of the gas pressure regulator in FIG. 4A;

FIG. 5A shows a perspective view of an encapsulated valve used within the gas pressure regulator, the valve being shown in a closed position;

FIG. 5B shows a cross-sectional side view of the encapsulated valve in FIG. 5A;

FIG. 5C shows a cross-sectional side view of the encapsulated valve in an open position;

FIG. 6A shows an exploded perspective view of a piston arrangement used within the gas pressure regulator;

FIG. 6B shows a side view of the piston arrangement in FIG. 6A in an assembled form;

FIG. 6C shows a top view of the piston arrangement in FIG. 6A;

FIG. 7A shows a cross-sectional side view of the piston arrangement in FIGS. 6A and 6B, the piston arrangement being shown in a default closed position;

FIG. 7B shows a cross-sectional side view of the piston arrangement in FIGS. 6A and 6B, the piston arrangement being shown in a venting, open position;

FIG. 8 shows an exploded perspective view of a pressure adjusting assembly used within the gas pressure regulator;

FIG. 9A shows a side view of the pressure adjusting assembly in FIG. 8, assembled and in a raised, closed position;

FIG. 9B shows a cross-sectional side view of the pressure adjusting assembly in FIG. 9A;

FIG. 9C shows a side view of the pressure adjusting assembly in FIG. 8, assembled and in a lowered, open position;

FIG. 9D shows a cross-sectional side view of the pressure adjusting assembly in FIG. 9C;

FIG. 10A shows a cross-sectional side view of an inlet stem used in conjunction with the gas pressure regulator, the inlet stem comprising a first inlet stem member and a second inlet stem member;

FIG. 10B shows a cross-sectional end view of the inlet stem in FIG. 10A, taken along line C-C in FIG. 10A;

FIG. 10C shows a cross-sectional side view of the second inlet stem member after it snaps off the first inlet stem member;

FIG. 11 shows a cross-sectional side view of the gas pressure regulator in a closed position;

FIG. 12 shows a cross-sectional side view of the gas pressure regulator in a venting position;

FIG. 13 shows a cross-sectional side view of the gas pressure regulator in a normal regulating position;

FIG. 14 shows a graph of the performance of a 1.5 bar pressure regulator for delivering acetylene, across a range of inlet pressures; and

FIG. 15 shows a graph of the performance of a 10 bar pressure regulator for delivering oxygen, across a range of inlet pressures.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Referring to FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4A, 4B, 11, 12 and 13, a gas pressure regulator 10 comprises a body 12 fitted with a gas inlet stem 14 at a first end of the body 10, for receiving gas from a gas source at a first, high pressure. A gas outlet stem or adaptor 16 is fitted to a second end of the body 12, for supplying gas at a desired, low pressure through the gas outlet stem 16.

The regulator 10 further comprises a pressure adjusting mechanism 18 to enable a user to adjust and set the desired pressure, the pressure adjusting mechanism 18 comprising a movable piston arrangement 20.

The regulator 10 further comprises gas regulating means 22 to regulate gas flowing out of the gas outlet stem 16 to achieve the desired pressure set by the user. The gas regulating means 22 is securely fitted within the body 12 so as to be located within a gas flow path between the gas inlet stem 14 and the gas outlet stem 16. The gas regulating means 22 comprises an encapsulated valve 24 with a lever 26 that can be actuated by the movable piston arrangement 20 of the pressure adjusting mechanism 18.

In an embodiment, the body 12 includes a first body component 28 to which the gas inlet stem 14 is fitted, the first body component 28 defining an inlet, high pressure chamber 30 for receiving and accommodating gas from the gas source via the gas inlet stem 14. The body 12 further comprises a second body component 32 to which the gas outlet stem 16 is fitted, the second body component 32 defining an outlet, low pressure chamber 34 for delivering gas to the gas outlet stem 16.

The first and second body components 28, 32 are securingly fitted together with screws 36 so as to sealingly secure the encapsulated valve 24 between the first and second body components 28, 32, the encapsulated valve 24 thus defining an interface between the inlet, high pressure and outlet, low pressure chambers 30, 34.

In an embodiment, gas pressure gauges 38, 40 are fitted to the first and second body components 28, 32 with screws 41, and are arranged to measure and visibly display the gas pressure within each of the inlet and outlet chambers 30, 34, respectively. This provides a measure of the gas pressure at the gas inlet and outlet stems 14, 16, which measure can be visually inspected.

Turning now to FIGS. 5A, 5B and 5C, the encapsulated valve 24 of the gas regulating means 22 comprises a valve body 50 having an inlet side 52 and an outlet side 54. The lever 26 is pivotally fitted at the outlet side 54 with a pivot pin 56, the lever 26 being positioned between two spaced apart walls 58, 60. A cylindrical wall 62, from which the spaced apart walls 58, 60 extend, defines a plurality of apertures 64 for allowing gas to exit the valve body 50 (as shown by the arrows in FIG. 5C). The lever 26 has an actuating cam 66 proximate the pivot pin 56.

The encapsulated valve 24 further comprises a capsule valve pin 68, terminating at one end with a friction cap 70, for abutting against the actuating cam 66 of the lever 26. The valve pin 68 further includes a seat 72 (and associated seat holder 74) to sealingly engage a flow aperture 76 defined in an inner wall 78 within the valve body 50. The valve pin 68 is movable between a default, closed position (shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B) and an actuated, open position (shown in FIG. 5C).

In the default, closed position, the lever 26 is not actuated by the movable piston arrangement 20 of the pressure adjusting mechanism 18. The seat 72 thus seals against the flow aperture 76 so as to prevent the flow of gas through the flow aperture 76.

In the actuated, open position, the lever 26 is moved by the movable piston arrangement 20 of the pressure adjusting mechanism 18, with the actuating cam 66 accordingly moving the valve pin 68 so that the seat 72 moves away from the flow aperture 76 so as to allow the flow of gas through the flow aperture 76.

A holder 80 is provided to accommodate the seat 72 of the valve pin 68; in particular, the holder 80 securely holds the seat holder 74.

The encapsulated valve 24 further comprises a guide 82 to define a channel 84 for slidingly accommodating the holder 80, and to control the movement of the valve pin 68 between the open and closed positions. Biasing means 86, in the form of a spring, biases the valve pin 68 towards the default, closed position.

In an embodiment, a conical filter body 88 is fitted to the inlet side 52 of the valve body 50, for filtering the gas flowing through the valve body 50, with the filter body 88 housing the guide 82 and the biasing means 86.

In an embodiment, the body 50 of the encapsulated valve 24 defines a circular flange 90, which gets sandwiched between complementary stepped formations defined in the first and second body components 28, 32, as indicated by circled zones 92 and 94 in FIG. 11.

Referring back to FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4A, 4B, 11, 12 and 13, the pressure adjusting mechanism 18 comprises a venting sleeve 100 extending from a venting outlet 102 defined in the second body component 32. The venting sleeve 100 is in gas communication with the outlet chamber 34 of the second body component 32. The venting sleeve 100 defines at least one venting aperture 104, but typically two, to enable gas to vent if/when required.

With reference now also to FIGS. 6A, 6B, 6C, 7A and 7B, the piston arrangement 20 incorporates a safety valve assembly 106, which will be described further below. The piston arrangement 20 is housed partially within the venting sleeve 100 and partially within the venting outlet 102 defined in the second body component 32. The piston arrangement 20 comprises a guide flange 108 which is secured in place, typically by being sandwiched between the venting sleeve 100 and the second body component 32. The piston arrangement 20 is thus slidably movable relative to the guide flange 108 between the open and closed positions, so as to actuate or not actuate the lever 26, respectively.

The pressure adjusting mechanism 18 further comprises a pressure adjusting assembly 110 that can be manually operated by a user to adjust and set the desired pressure. The pressure adjusting assembly 110 in turn comprises a rotatable knob 112 to actuate a movable spindle 114 (shown in FIGS. 9B, 9C and 9D), which in turn actuates a biasing means 116, in the form of a spring, via an intermediate spring plate 118, within the venting sleeve 100, which in turn actuates the piston arrangement 20.

Turning back to FIGS. 6A, 6B, 6C, 7A and 7B, the piston arrangement 20 comprises a first piston body 150 including a safety valve head 152. The safety valve head 152 defines at least one vent outlet 154, with the first piston body 150 including an internal cavity 156 to accommodate biasing means 158, in the form of a spring. The internal cavity 156 is in gas communication with the vent outlet 154 to enable gas to escape from the first piston body 150.

The piston arrangement 20 further comprises a second piston body 160 extending from (and typically fixed to) the first piston body 150. The first and second piston bodies 150, 160 move in concert relative to the guide flange 108, with the second piston body 160 being sealingly movable within the venting outlet 102 defined in the second body component 32. An O-ring 162 is located within a peripheral recess 164 to maintain this seal. The O-ring 162 effectively replaces the function of the diaphragm in known gas pressure regulators, and its robust structure and operation is ideally suited for this.

The second piston body 160 terminates in a friction pin 166 to actuate the lever 26 of the encapsulated valve 24. The second piston body 160 defines a vent inlet 168 and an adjacent internal cavity 170 that is in gas communication with the cavity 156 of the first piston body 150.

Thus, in use, the piston arrangement 20, and the first and second piston bodies 150, 160 in particular, are slidably movable relative to the guide flange 108 between the open and closed positions (to actuate or not actuate the lever 26, respectively).

In an embodiment, the second piston body 160 includes the safety valve assembly 106, the safety valve assembly 106 comprising a valve seat 172 and associated seat holder 174 located within the internal cavity 170. The biasing means 158 is arranged to act upon the seat holder 174, and thus the valve seat 172, to close the vent inlet 168, thereby preventing gas from entering the piston arrangement 20 (under closed and normal operating conditions, with reference to FIGS. 11 and 13, respectively). However, under sufficiently high pressures within the outlet chamber 34, with reference to FIG. 12, the piston assembly is pushed upwardly (i.e. the first and second piston bodies 150, 160 move up relative to the guide flange 108, against the bias of the spring 116) and the valve seat 172 is displaced away from the vent inlet 168 (against the bias of the spring 158) to allow gas to flow through the vent inlet 168, through the internal cavities 156, 170, and through the vent outlet 154 so as to safely escape out of the gas pressure regulator 10, as shown by arrows 176.

Turning now to FIGS. 8, 9A, 9B, 9C and 9D in more detail, the pressure adjusting assembly 110 comprises a body 200 to threadably accommodate a driving member 202. The rotatable knob 112 is fitted to the driving member 202 so as to threadably rotate and move the driving member 202 through the body 200. The driving member 202 has a central enlarged portion 204 that is threaded to match the threading 206 of the body 200, and a terminal narrowed portion 208 that is threaded 210 to enable it to be threadably accommodated within the movable spindle 114. The movable spindle 114 comprises a sleeve to define an internal thread 212 to match the threading 210 provided on the terminal narrowed portion 208 of the driving member 202. The central enlarged portion 204 defines an internal circular recess 214 to accommodate the movable spindle 114 as the spindle 114 threadably rotates relative to the driving member 202.

In an embodiment, the movable spindle 114 defines a pair of elongate recesses 216, 218 on the outside surface of the spindle 114, with a pair of guide pins 220, 222 being fitted within the body 200 to slidingly accommodate and guide the spindle 114 as it moves relative to the body 200.

A pin retainer plate 224 is provided to secure the guide pins 220, 222 in place within the body 200. The rotatable knob 112 is fitted to the driving member 202 via torque plate 226 that is secured in place by means of a nut 228 secured to the driving member. A tamper proof knob cap 230 is fitted to the knob 112.

This double threaded arrangement (i.e. the thread on portion 204 engaging the thread 206 and the thread 210 engaging the thread 212) of the pressure adjusting assembly 110 allows a relatively greater displacement of the spindle 114, with relatively fewer turns. In an embodiment, the maximum open setting may be achieved in just two turns of the knob 112.

Turning now to FIGS. 10A, 10B and 100, the inlet stem 14 comprises a first inlet stem member 250, which is fitted to the first body component 28. A stem nut 252, as shown in FIG. 1, for example, is carried on the inlet stem 14 to facilitate securement to the gas source. The inlet stem 14 further comprises a second inlet stem member 254, which can be secured to the gas source, with a frangible zone of weakness 256 being defined between the first and second inlet stem members 250, 254.

In an embodiment, the second inlet stem member 254 comprises a sleeve 257 including a frusto-conical filter 258, which is secured in position with a retainer 260. The filter 258 is positioned at a first end 262 of the second inlet stem member 254, proximate the gas source. A valve spigot 264 extends through an aperture 266 defined at a second end 268 of the second inlet stem member 254 proximate the first inlet stem member 250, the valve spigot 264 including a seat 270 to seat against the aperture 266 so as to prevent the flow of gas therethrough. Biasing means 272, in the form of a spring, is provided to bias the valve spigot 264 into a closed position in which gas is prevented from flowing through the aperture 266.

In an embodiment, the first inlet stem member 250, is fitted with a retainer 274 against which the end of the valve spigot 264 presses, so that when the inlet stem 14 is intact, the retainer 274 pushes the valve spigot 264 away from the aperture 266, thereby allowing gas flow therethrough. However, when the inlet stem (250) severs proximate the frangible zone of weakness (256), the biasing means 272 pushes the valve spigot 264 so as to close the aperture 266, thereby preventing the flow of gas from the gas source.

As best shown in FIG. 1, the gas pressure regulator 10 is fitted with protective cladding 300 to house the body 12. The cladding 300 comprises a pair of housing halves 302, 304 that can be secured together with tamper proof screws 306, the cladding 300 being fabricated from impact resistant and fire retardant material (e.g. nylon), which is splash and dust resistant, light and low maintenance.

One of the cladding halves comprises a pair of visual inspection windows 308 to enable a user to read the information on the pressure gauges 38, 40, the inspection windows 308 being substantially flush with the cladding 300. This ensures a slim design, thus preventing accidental damage to the gauges 38, 40.

In an embodiment, the cladding 300 defines a plurality of venting apertures 310 to enable gas to leave the venting sleeve 100, especially after the operation of the safety valve assembly 106, to escape to atmosphere.

The illustrated version shows a side inlet entry version of the regulator 10. However, in an alternate version, a bottom inlet entry version is possible, and to achieve both possibilities, the first body component 28 defines two inlet opening 312, 314. The cladding 300, accordingly, defines two apertures 316, 318. Thus, in the illustrated side inlet entry version, in which the inlet stem 14 is secured to the opening 312, the aperture 318 in the cladding is fitted with a plug 320. Conversely, in the bottom inlet entry version, a similar plug would be used to plug the aperture 316 in the cladding 300.

Thus, when not in use (i.e. when closed, as shown in FIG. 11), the lever 26 is not actuated, and thus the encapsulated valve 24 is closed, thereby preventing the flow of gas through the regulator 10. However, during normal use, as shown in FIG. 13, in which a user rotates the knob 112 so as to move the spindle 114 downwardly, and thus the piston arrangement 20 downwardly as well, so as to actuate the lever 26, this opens the encapsulated valve 24 so as to allow the flow of gas therethrough. Thus, incoming high pressure gas enters the inlet stem 14 (as shown by arrow 340) with low pressure gas then exiting the outlet stem/adaptor 16 (as shown by arrow 342). However, during an emergency, as shown in FIG. 12, in which gas needs to vent rapidly out of the regulator 10, the valve seat 172 is forced to move away from the vent inlet 168, thus allowing gas to enter the piston arrangement 20 and then escape out of the regulator 10 via the venting sleeve 100.

Finally, FIG. 14 shows a graph 350 of the performance of the 1.5 bar pressure regulator for delivering acetylene, in which 352 shows the performance of the regulator at 25 bar, 354 at 15 bar, and 356 at 4 bar.

Similarly, FIG. 15 shows a graph 360 of the performance of the 10 bar pressure regulator for delivering oxygen, in which 362 shows the performance of the regulator at 200 bar, 364 at 100 bar, 366 at 50 bar and 368 at 21 bar.

The present invention clearly has a number of advantageous features, but in general terms, the interaction between the inlet and outlet chambers and the piston arrangement and encapsulated valve enables the pressure to be regulated in stages, thereby minimizing pressure fluctuations so as to mimic a multi-stage regulator. 

The invention claimed is:
 1. A gas pressure regulator, comprising: a body fitted with a gas inlet stem, at a first end of the body, for receiving gas from a gas source at a first pressure, and a gas outlet stem or adaptor at a second end of the body, for supplying gas at a desired pressure at the gas outlet stem or adaptor; a pressure adjusting mechanism to enable a user to adjust and set the desired pressure, the pressure adjusting mechanism comprising a movable piston arrangement, wherein the pressure adjusting mechanism comprises a venting sleeve that defines at least one venting aperture to enable gas to vent if/when required, the venting sleeve at least partially housing the piston arrangement; and gas regulating means, to regulate gas flowing out of the gas outlet stem or adaptor to achieve the desired pressure set by the user, wherein the gas regulating means is fitted within the body so as to be located within a gas flow path between the gas inlet stem and the gas outlet stem or adaptor, the gas regulating means comprising an encapsulated valve with a lever actuated by the movable piston arrangement of the pressure adjusting mechanism.
 2. The gas pressure regulator of claim 1, wherein the body includes: a first body component, to which the gas inlet stem is fitted, the first body component defining an inlet chamber for receiving and accommodating gas from the gas source via the gas inlet stem; and a second body component, to which the gas outlet stem or adaptor is fitted, the second body component defining an outlet chamber for delivering gas to the gas outlet stem or adaptor, the first and second body components being fitted together so as to sealingly secure the encapsulated valve between the first and second body components, the encapsulated valve thus defining an interface between the inlet and outlet chambers.
 3. The gas pressure regulator of claim 1, wherein gas pressure gauges are fitted to the first and second body components, and are arranged to measure and display the gas pressure within each of the inlet and outlet chambers, respectively, so as to provide a measure of the gas pressure at the gas inlet stem and outlet stem or adaptor.
 4. The gas pressure regulator of claim 1, wherein the encapsulated valve of the gas regulating means, comprises: a valve body having an inlet side and an outlet side, the lever being pivotally fitted at the outlet side with a pivot pin, the lever having an actuating cam, proximate the pivot pin; a capsule valve pin for abutting against the actuating cam of the lever, the capsule valve pin further including a seat to sealingly engage a flow aperture defined in an inner wall within the valve body, the capsule valve pin being movable between a default, closed position in which the lever is not actuated by the movable piston arrangement of the pressure adjusting mechanism and in which the seat seals against the flow aperture, so as to prevent the flow of gas through the flow aperture, and an actuated, open position in which the lever is moved by the movable piston arrangement of the pressure adjusting mechanism, with the actuating cam moving the capsule valve pin so that the seat moves away from the flow aperture so as to allow the flow of gas through the flow aperture; and first biasing means to bias the capsule valve pin towards the default, closed position.
 5. The gas pressure regulator of claim 4, wherein a filter body is fitted to the inlet side of the valve body for filtering the gas flowing through the valve body.
 6. The gas pressure regulator of claim 2, wherein the venting sleeve of the pressure adjusting mechanism extends from a venting outlet defined in the second body component and is in gas communication with the outlet chamber of the second body component; wherein the piston arrangement includes a safety valve assembly, the piston arrangement being housed partially within the venting sleeve and partially within the venting outlet defined in the second body component, the piston arrangement comprising a guide flange secured between the venting sleeve and the second body component, with the piston arrangement being slidably movable relative to the guide flange between the open and closed positions, the pressure adjusting mechanism further including a pressure adjusting assembly manually operated by a user to adjust and set the desired pressure, the pressure adjusting assembly comprising a rotatable knob to actuate a movable spindle, which in turn actuates second biasing means within the venting sleeve, which in turn actuates the piston arrangement.
 7. The gas pressure regulator of claim 6, wherein the piston arrangement comprises: a first piston body including a safety valve head, the safety valve head defining at least one vent outlet, the first piston body including an internal cavity to accommodate third biasing means, the internal cavity being in gas communication with the vent outlet to enable gas to escape from the first piston body; and a second piston body extending from the first piston body, the second piston body being sealingly movable within the venting outlet defined in the second body component to actuate the lever of the encapsulated valve, the second piston body defining a vent inlet and an adjacent internal cavity that is in gas communication with the cavity of the first piston body, wherein the first piston body of the piston arrangement is slidably movable relative to the guide flange between the open and closed positions.
 8. The gas pressure regulator of claim 7, wherein the second piston body includes the safety valve assembly, the safety valve assembly comprising a valve seat and associated seat holder located within the internal cavity, with the third biasing means acting upon the seat holder and thus the valve seat to close the vent inlet thereby preventing gas from entering the piston arrangement, so that the valve seat is displaceable away from the vent inlet to allow gas to flow through the vent inlet, through the internal cavities, and through the vent outlet so as to escape out of the gas pressure regulator.
 9. The gas pressure regulator of claim 6, wherein the pressure adjusting assembly comprises a body to threadably accommodate a driving member, the rotatable knob being fitted to the driving member so as to threadably rotate and move the driving member through the body, the movable spindle defining a pair of elongate recesses on the outside surface of the spindle, with a pair of guide pins being fitted within the body to slidingly accommodate and guide the spindle as it moves relative to the body.
 10. The gas pressure regulator of claim 9, wherein the driving member includes a central enlarged portion that is threaded to match the threading of the body and a terminal narrowed portion that is threaded to enable it to be threadably accommodated within the movable spindle, the movable spindle comprising a sleeve to define an internal thread to match the threading provided on the terminal narrowed portion of the driving member, the central enlarged portion defining an internal circular recess to accommodate the movable spindle as the spindle threadably rotates relative to the driving member.
 11. The gas pressure regulator of claim 1, wherein the inlet stem comprises a first inlet stern member fitted to the body, and a second inlet stem member, secured to the gas source, with a frangible zone of weakness being defined between the first and second inlet stem members.
 12. The gas pressure regulator of claim 11, wherein the second inlet stem member comprises a sleeve including: a frusto-conical filter which is secured in position with a retainer, the filter being positioned at a first end of the second inlet stem member, proximate the gas source; a valve spigot extending through an aperture defined at a second end of the second inlet stem member proximate the first inlet stem member, the valve spigot including a seat to seat against the aperture so as to prevent the flow of gas therethrough; and fourth biasing means to bias the valve spigot into a closed position in which gas is prevented from flowing through the aperture.
 13. The gas pressure regulator of claim 12, wherein the first inlet stem member is fitted with a retainer against which the end of the valve spigot presses, so that when the inlet stem is intact, the retainer pushes the valve spigot away from the aperture, thereby allowing gas flow therethrough, and when the inlet stem severs, the fourth biasing means pushes the valve spigot so as to close the aperture, thereby preventing the flow of gas from the gas source.
 14. The gas pressure regulator of claim 1, wherein the gas pressure regulator is fitted with cladding to house the body, the cladding comprising a pair of housing halves that can be secured together with fixing means, with one of the cladding halves comprising at least one visual inspection windows that is flush with the cladding, the cladding defining a plurality of venting apertures to enable gas to vent to atmosphere.
 15. A pressure adjusting mechanism for a gas pressure regulator, to enable a user to adjust and set the desired pressure, wherein the pressure adjusting mechanism comprises: a movable piston arrangement that actuates a lever of a valve within the gas pressure regulator; and a pressure adjusting assembly manually operated by a user to adjust and set the desired pressure, the pressure adjusting assembly comprising a rotatable knob to actuator a movable spindle, which in turn actuates first biasing means for actuating the piston arrangement and a venting sleeve that defines at least one venting aperture to enable gas to vent if/when required, the venting sleeve at least partially housing the piston arrangement.
 16. The pressure adjusting mechanism of claim 15, wherein the piston arrangement comprises: a first piston body including a safety valve head, the safety valve head defining at least one vent outlet, the first piston body including an internal cavity to accommodate second biasing means, the internal cavity being in gas communication with the vent outlet to enable gas to escape from the first piston body; and a second piston body extending from the first piston body, the first and second piston bodies being movable to actuate the lever of the encapsulated valve, the second piston body defining a vent inlet and an adjacent internal cavity that is in gas communication with the cavity of the first piston body.
 17. The pressure adjusting mechanism of claim 16, wherein the second piston body includes a safety valve assembly, the safety valve assembly comprising a valve seat and associated seat holder located within the internal cavity, with the second biasing means acting upon the seat holder and thus the valve seat to close the vent inlet thereby preventing gas from entering the piston arrangement, so that the valve seat is displaceable away from the vent inlet to allow gas to flow through the vent inlet, through the internal cavities, and through the vent outlet so as to safely escape out of the gas pressure regulator.
 18. The pressure adjusting mechanism of claim 15, wherein the pressure adjusting assembly comprises a body to threadably accommodate a driving member, the rotatable knob being fitted to the driving member so as to threadably rotate and move the driving member through the body, wherein the movable spindle defines a pair of elongate recesses on the outside surface of the spindle, with a pair of guide pins being fitted within the body to slidingly accommodate and guide the spindle as it moves relative to the body.
 19. The pressure adjusting mechanism of claim 18, wherein the driving member includes a central enlarged portion that is threaded to match the threading of the body and a terminal narrowed portion that is threaded to enable it to be threadably accommodated within the movable spindle, the movable spindle comprising a sleeve to define an internal thread to match the threading provided on the terminal narrowed portion of the driving member, the central enlarged portion defining an internal circular recess to accommodate the movable spindle as the spindle threadably rotates relative to the driving member.
 20. A gas pressure regulator, comprising: a body fitted with a gas inlet stem, at a first end of the body, for receiving gas from a gas source at a first pressure, and a gas outlet stem or adaptor at a second end of the body, for supplying gas at a desired pressure at the gas outlet stem or adaptor; a pressure adjusting mechanism to enable a user to adjust and set the desired pressure, the pressure adjusting mechanism comprising a movable piston arrangement; and gas regulating means, to regulate gas flowing out of the gas outlet stem or adaptor to achieve the desired pressure set by the user, wherein the gas regulating means is fitted within the body so as to be located within a gas flow path between the gas inlet stem and the gas outlet stem or adaptor, the gas regulating means comprising an encapsulated valve with a lever actuated by the movable piston arrangement of the pressure adjusting mechanism, wherein the encapsulated valve of the gas regulating means comprises: a valve body having an inlet side and an outlet side, the lever being pivotally fitted at the outlet side with a pivot pin, the lever having an actuating cam, proximate the pivot pin; a capsule valve pin for abutting against the actuating cam of the lever, the capsule valve pin further including a seat to sealingly engage a flow aperture defined in an inner wall within the valve body, the capsule valve pin being movable between a default, closed position in which the lever is not actuated by the movable piston arrangement of the pressure adjusting mechanism and in which the seat seals against the flow aperture, so as to prevent the flow of gas through the flow aperture, and an actuated, open position in which the lever is moved by the movable piston arrangement of the pressure adjusting mechanism, with the actuating cam moving the capsule valve pin so that the seat moves away from the flow aperture so as to allow the flow of gas through the flow aperture; and first biasing means to bias the capsule valve pin towards the default, closed position.
 21. The gas pressure regulator of claim 20, wherein a filter body is fitted to the inlet side of the valve body for filtering the gas flowing through the valve body. 